Journal of Clinical Anesthesia
Volume 12, Issue 7 , Pages 561-569 , November 2000

The versatile August Bier (1861–1949), father of spinal anesthesia

  • Michael Goerig, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
    • Staff Anesthesiologist
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Dr. Michael Goerig, Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Martinistraβe 52, 20240 Hamburg, Germany
    • ,
  • Kamayni Agarwal, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
    • Resident in Anesthesiology
    • ,
  • Jochen Schulte am Esch, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
    • Professor of Anesthesiology and Chair

Received 8 March 2000 ,Revised 31 July 2000 ,Accepted 31 July 2000.

References 

  1. Baldamus M: August Bier—on his centennial. Geschichtsblaetter fuer Waldeck, vol. 53. Kassel: Hof- und Waisenhaus-Buchdruckerei, 1961.
  2. Bier A: Reports on the perception of syphillomas of the muscles. Thesis. Kiel: University of Kiel, 1888.
  3. Bier A. Circular suture on the intestine. Arch f klin Chir. 1889;49:739–788
  4. Waas G. To August Bier (1861–1949) on his 120th birthday. Zeitschr fuer aerztl Fortbildung. 1982;76:72–74
  5. Bier A. Healing properties of hyperemia. MMW. 1897;32:875–880
  6. Bier A. Shaping bold stumps after amputations of the lower leg. Arch f klin Chir. 1893;46:90–96
  7. Bier A. On Amputations and Exarticulations. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Haertel; 1900;
  8. Bier A. Experiments in cocainization of the spinal cord. Dtsch Zschr f Chir. 1899;51:363–369
  9. Waas G. August Bier‘s (1861–1949) call to the University of Berlin in 1907. Zeitschr fuer aerztl Fortbildung. 1980;74:982–987
  10. Bier A. The Therapeutic Concept of Hyperemia. Leipzig: Vogel; 1903;
  11. Bier A: How to Face Homeopathy? Munich: J F. Lehmanns, 1925.
  12. Vogeler K. Surgery during the era of August Bier 1907–1932. In:  Diepgen P,  Rostock P editor. The University Hospital in Berlin. Attending Physicians and Their Scientific Work 1810–1932. Leipzig: Ambrosius Barth; 1939;p. 108–182
  13. Bier A. A new method of producing local anesthesia of the extremities. Arch f klin Chir. 1908;86:1007–1016
  14. Bier A, Braun Hch, Kuemmell H. Textbook of Operative Surgery. Leipzig: Ambrosius Barth; 1912;
  15. Lammel HU. Surgery and nationalsocialism at the department of surgery at the University Hospital in Berlin, Ziegelstrasse. In:  Fischer W,  Hierholzer K,  Hubenstorf M,  Walther PT,  Winau R editor. The Exodus of Scientists from Berlin. Questions—Results—Desideratum. The Development Before and After 1933. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter; 1994;p. 568–591
  16. Goerig M, Schulte am Esch J. Carl Ludwig Schleich—forerunner of local anesthesia?. AINS. 1993;28:113–124
  17. Quincke I. Comments on hydrocephalus. Kongr Inn Med. 1891;10:322–339
  18. Corning JL. Spinal anesthesia and local medication of the cord. NY Med J. 1885;42:483–485
  19. Oehme P, Goerig M. Priority claims on the invention of spinal anesthesia. Dtsch Aerztebl B. 1998;41:1999–2002
  20. Merck W: Comments on Cocaine. Thesis. Kiel: University of Kiel, 1886.
  21. Goerig M, Beck H. Priority claims of August Bier and August Hildebrandt on the discovery of spinal anesthesia. AINS. 1996;31:111–119
  22. Holmes C. Mc: The history and development of intravenous regional anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl 1969;36:11–8.
  23. Hirschel G. Anesthesia of the brachial plexus for operations on the upper extremity. MMW. 1911;29:1555–1556
  24. Kulenkampff D. Anesthesia of the brachial plexus. DMW. 1911;40:1878–1880
  25. Braun H. Local Anesthesia. Its Scientific Basis and Practical Use. Leipzig: Ambrosius Barth; 1913;
  26. Baetzner W. To August Bier on his 70th birthday. DMW. 1931;47:1992–1994
  27. Bier A. On the tremendous improvement in the treatment of surgical tuberculosis with the aid of hyperemia. DMW. 1912;38:1121–1122
  28. Bier A. The treatment of the so-called surgical tuberculosis in Bier‘s clinics. Bln klin Wochenschr. 1918;55:730–732
  29. Bier A. Physical training—A remedy to rescue the German nation from its humiliation. MMW. 1919;66:1159–1162
  30. Bier A. Physical training as a remedy for prevention and cure. MMW. 1922;27:993–998
  31. Pels-Leusden F. Textbook of Operative Surgery. Berlin: Urban & Schwazenberg; 1925;
  32. Schulz H. Hugo Schulz. In:  Grote LR editors. Contemporary Medicine. vol. 2:Leipzig: Verlag von Felix Meiner; 1923;
  33. Bier A. The effect of the injection of blood from another species on the growth of malignant tumors. DMW. 1907;29:1161–1163
  34. Bier A: The induction of immunity and healing of severe infections by red heat and by medication. Med Klin 1928;6:201–6; 246–9; 281–2.
  35. Klapp R. To August Bier on his 70th birthday. Der Chirurg. 1931;22:953–957
  36. Bier A, Gehrke A, Luetkens U, Zimmer A. On Hormones and Organo-therapy. Munich: J. F. Lehmann; 1929;
  37. Bier A. Animal blood as a remedy, especially in Basedow‘s disease. Die Medizinische Welt. 1932;20:697–699
  38. Bier A. Theory and practical application of animal blood. Die Medizinische Welt. 1934;36:1267–1270
  39. Bier A. Inflammation. Arch f klin Chir. 1933;176:407–549
  40. Bier A. Sulfur as a remedy. MMW. 1930;77:1751–1756
  41. Koenig P. Comments on ether and authohemotherapy in the case of postoperative lung disease. Dtsch Zschr f Chir. 1926;199:198–204
  42. Freudenthal A, Bier A, Lubarsch O. Report on the disease, the surgical therapy and death of the Reichspräsident Ebert. DMW. 1925;11:448–450
  43. Stoeckel W. Recollections of an Obstetrician. Leipzig: S. Hirzel; 1979;

PII: S0952-8180(00)00202-6

Journal of Clinical Anesthesia
Volume 12, Issue 7 , Pages 561-569 , November 2000

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